小橘子的英语笔记

宝可梦小公子

首页 >> 小橘子的英语笔记 >> 小橘子的英语笔记最新章节(目录)
大家在看漫威:最强山寨系统 和侯爷互穿后,他宅斗上瘾了 修仙长生:从建立家族开始 完美世界:魔血分身,黑化柳神 我的徒弟都有大帝之姿 她想咸鱼躺,非逼她造反 斗破:我都成帝了,怎么系统才来 漫威:开局签到冰冻果实 神诡世界:我靠挂机苟长生! 海贼:大神乌索普 
小橘子的英语笔记 宝可梦小公子 - 小橘子的英语笔记全文阅读 - 小橘子的英语笔记txt下载 - 小橘子的英语笔记最新章节 - 好看的其他类型小说

rubbing 拓本

上一章书 页下一章阅读记录

第28章 rubbing 拓本

the classics

despite the “bibliocaust“ in which the first emperor of the qin dynasty (r. 221–210 bcE) burned books other than legal and essential professional texts, many works of pre-qin literature survive, thanks to their preservation in those historical works that were spared burning. the designation of select texts as “classics“ images promoted the prestige of these early writings. these classics evolved through the accretion of mentaries, most of which interpreted earlier texts in order to legitimate given rulers or political orientations.

【知识点】

bibliocaust「名词」秦始皇的“焚书”政策

司马迁所着《史记》中《秦始皇本纪》记载:公元前213年(秦统一中国的第八年),丞相李斯建议“请史官非秦记皆烧之。非博士官所职,天下敢有藏《诗》、《书》、百家语者,悉诣守、尉杂等烧之。”秦始皇同意了李斯的建议并颁布了法令“挟书律”,直到公元前191年才被汉朝汉惠帝废除。

r.「历史文献常见标注」在位、执政(用来提示读者:这里的年份并非人物在世的时间,而是在位时间)

legitimate「名词」使合法化,使可接受

《尚书》:儒家五经之一,由一位叫做伏生的孔门弟子冒着被灭族的危险藏起来阅读,后汉文帝派人找到他,他再复述出来的。汉武帝当政时,他的叔叔刘余拆毁了孔子的宅院,才发现了墙壁中藏有的许多古籍,其中包括这部《尚书》。

Since the han dynasty (206 bcE–220 cE) the “Five classics“ refer to a divination manual, the classic of changes 易经; the oldest anthology of poems, the classic of poetry 诗经; a collection of speeches and decrees, the classic of documents 书经; a historical chronicle, the Springs and Autumns 春秋; and three handbooks of rules for behavior named together as the Ritual 礼. thanks to the invention of paper (second century bcE), these classics were carved in stone to produce rubbings and memorized by almost all educated chinese.

rubbing「名词」拓本(在汉代发明造纸术以前,中国古代文献基本上以竹简和丝绢作为文本载体。竹简笨重而易受虫蛀,蚕丝做成的丝绢轻便但又十分昂贵。中国的经典文本真正脱离精英官员阶层的垄断,始于宋代发明印刷术,让纸质书的传播力度大幅提升。)

divination manual「短语」占卜指南(即《易经》)

A broader sense of authoritative writings came with the fourth-century division of texts into four main categories. this taxonomy made classics primary and history secondary, followed by the “masters“(thinkers later called philosophers), and collections of belles lettres. Rich in aphorisms, lively dialogues, fables and anecdotes, texts in the “masters“ category were usually posites of later date that collected a given master's dialogues with disciples or opponents. the rubric also included professional medical, military, and religious texts, including the daoist and buddhist canons. texts that would later be labeled fiction did not generally merit inclusion in any of these categories, all centrally concerned with conveying the way.

经(classics):指儒家经典

史(history):包括官方的二十四史、通鉴、纪年史等

子(masters):包括诸子百家及佛教、道家的书籍

集(collections of belles lettres):即文集、诗词汇编等(belles-lettres源自法语,意为“美好的文字”,指的是以纯艺术为主要追求的文学作品)

merit「动词」值得

古代中国的“小说”,是与“大说”、“大家”、“大思想”相对的文类,指的是通俗的、大众的、娱乐的民间文学形式。古代文言小说按照“经史子集”的四分法,一般会被归为“子”部中的“杂家”或“史”部中的“杂史”和“野史”。而通俗白话小说,一般不会作为文学被计入这四种文类之中。

debates about the way had taken shape during the pre-qin period when the lack of a political center permitted the rise of professional thinkers and diplomats. As these concerned scholars sought to persuade rulers of better paths to peace and good government, those unable to serve as officials often became teachers of disciples. these thinkers made the warring States china's richest period of philosophical debate, a time famous for its “hundred Schools of thought.“ of these schools, the historian Sima tan 司马谈(d. 110 bcE) identified six that, thanks in part to his formulation, would e to have a sustained influence. In addition to identifying as schools the Naturalists 阴阳家, confucians 儒家, and moists 墨家, Sima invented the categories of Legalists 法家, Logicians 名家(“Sophists,“ lit., the “School of Names“), and daoists 道家.

school「名词」学派,流派

d.「历史文献常见标注」卒于(用来提示读者:这里的年份指人物卒于多少年)

阴阳家(Naturalists):提倡顺应“四时”、“阴阳”变化之序,提出了由相生相克的金木水火土构成的“五行”之说,强调自然世界对人事的影响。代表人物:齐国的邹衍

名家(Logicians):以严谨的逻辑思想而文明。代表人物:赵国的公孙龙

buddhism, too, would soon contribute profoundly to debates about the path of right living. originally from India, buddhism became a major branch of chinese thought, and buddhist stories from India were among the earliest fictional works in china. by the second century, poetic renderings of the life of Sakyamuni buddha and other buddhist parables were translated into chinese, and these parables and sutras (threads) became essential elements of the literary tradition.(the esteemed term for “classics“[jing 经] was also used for sutra titles.) often synthesized with confucian and daoist ideas, buddhist concepts of illusion, predestined union, karma, and reincarnation soon took root as folk beliefs; beliefs with especially wide appeal during the disunion following the collapse of the han dynasty in 220. by the tang dynasty (617–907), when a reunited china expanded militarily and weled broader dealings with foreign ideas and people, buddhist themes and forms had influenced many major developments in chinese literature. Understanding of this influence was revolutionized by the early twentieth-century unearthing of almost 40,000 manuscripts from a cave sealed since the eleventh century near dunhuang in western china.

【知识点】

parable「名词」寓言(一般宣扬道德或宗教教义,《圣经》里耶稣所讲的故事就是parables)

sutra「名词」佛教的经文(由天竺僧人摄摩腾和竺法兰在东汉洛阳城外的白马石共同翻译的《四十二章经》相传是第一部有中文版本的佛典)

借花献佛:出自《过去现在因果经》,是释迦摩尼施法治理虫害获得了穷人们的爱戴的故事

despite different emphases, these major schools of thought shared many overlapping beliefs, including belief in an ultimate way of harmony grounded in the unity of heaven, earth, and humanity. Each school saw the others' teachings not as wrong but as possessing only a partial understanding of the greater whole. As centuries of debate and cross-fertilization created an evolving syncretism, these schools' shared concerns became major currents in the literary tradition. the foundations of chinese literature can be mapped as overlapping paths for approaching the way.

syncretism「名词」不同宗教、哲学或思想的融合

上一章目 录下一章存书签
站内强推重生香港之娱乐后宫 女儿大闹修仙界,我仙帝身份曝光 被拒亲后,我变强了,也变态了 林岚秦小雅 肥水不流外人田 四合院:大家都说我是个好人 重生另嫁小叔,夫妻联手虐渣 穿越大唐:当个闲王这么难 风流太子后宫 被退婚后,隔壁全村肠子悔青了 十里芳菲 花都太子 穿书后,她在八十年代发家致富 四合院之我是不一样的何雨柱 山乡艳事 永生游戏降临,被我玩成了速通 绝色神雕 四合院:你们越激动我越兴奋 开局不当舔狗,反手重启华流巅峰 四神集团1:首席总裁的逃妻 
经典收藏十日终焉 仙逆 穿书女频,女配弟子全是冲师逆徒 港片:我有七京,全世界建立分堂 极道尸修 一人:我携国家律法,镇压异人界 离婚后,一首大鱼封神! 兽世种田:我带孤寡兽夫发家致富 柯南:我与小兰青梅竹马 漂亮宝妈靠十八般武艺教全网做人 火影:用宝可梦在砂隐村种田 90后出马弟子实录 重生之都市仙尊 火影:带领忍界美女从佐良娜开始 星穹铁道:我在仙舟卖奇物垃圾桶 重生攻略:阿弟求放过 咒回:你是特级吗?我觉得我是 诸天修仙:从凡人开始 王者:女英雄一网打尽 宝可梦:开局一只天王木守宫! 
最近更新超宠!秦爷的闪婚娇妻从乡下来 卫助一心向钱,仲总他急了 心弦共鸣之女权臣的心尖宠是公主 古代公路文:遇见各种穿越者 小小的守护 星爱璀璨 海贼王之海域骄雄 散文集一励志 穿越,在原神世界当大佬 爱情算个什么东西? 原配穿越小三,六零后女人的一生 祁同伟:学生时代开始签到关系 盗墓:从抽卡西装暴徒到燕双鹰 僵尸猎人传奇 大卖家 荒年开局,我靠没用系统誉满天下 快穿之我真不是渣男啊 穿越农门,全家团聚闯灾年 综影视从小欢喜开始的诸天旅行 穿书七零:冷面军少的娇妻甜又媚 
小橘子的英语笔记 宝可梦小公子 - 小橘子的英语笔记txt下载 - 小橘子的英语笔记最新章节 - 小橘子的英语笔记全文阅读 - 好看的其他类型小说